حرب تجارية جديدة تلوح في الأفق: تصعيد متبادل بين أمريكا والصين بسبب الرسوم الجمركية
في تصعيد جديد للتوترات التجارية بين أكبر اقتصادين في العالم، أعلنت الولايات المتحدة فرض رسوم جمركية إضافية بنسبة 10% على الواردات الصينية، دخلت حيز التنفيذ في 4 فبراير 2025، مستهدفة مجموعة واسعة من المنتجات الصينية.
وردًا على ذلك، أعلنت الصين في 4 أبريل 2025 فرض رسوم جمركية بنسبة 34% على جميع المنتجات الأمريكية، سارية اعتبارًا من 10 أبريل 2025، معتبرةً هذه الخطوة ردًا على الإجراءات الأمريكية التصعيدية.
لم يتوقف التصعيد عند هذا الحد، فقد هدد الرئيس الأمريكي دونالد ترامب في 7 أبريل 2025 بزيادة الرسوم الجمركية على الصين إلى 104% إذا لم تتراجع بكين عن إجراءاتها الانتقامية بحلول 8 أبريل 2025، مؤكدًا تعليق جميع المفاوضات التجارية مع الصين في الوقت الحالي.
من جانبها، قدمت الصين شكوى رسمية إلى منظمة التجارة العالمية في 4 أبريل 2025، معتبرةً أن الرسوم الأمريكية الجديدة تنتهك قواعد المنظمة، مما يزيد من تعقيد النزاع التجاري بين البلدين.
هذا التوتر المتصاعد يثير مخاوف عالمية من تأثيراته السلبية على الاقتصاد الدولي، مع تحذيرات من احتمالية حدوث تباطؤ اقتصادي عالمي نتيجة لهذه السياسات الحمائية المتبادلة.
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